When I installed a module to tinker around with, I got a reminder that I needed to install Python 3 soon. So, I did what any of us would do and googled around looking for a guide to update my development environment, which runs on Mac the macOS operating system, formerly known as OS X. To my surprise, I found only a handful of StackOverflow posts, and they pointed me to partial solutions.
Here's the full story of how to set up your environment without breaking anything built into the macOS operating system. Moshe Zadka cautions that doing this wrong could result in an unreliable idea of which Python is running that depends too closely on shells loading aliases. I knew Moshe was familiar with Python, but what I didn't know is that he is an author of many Python tutorials as well as an upcoming book on Python development on macOS.
He helped 40 colleagues develop Python safely and consistently on macOS systems following one core principle:. How do we stop caring about the default? Moshe recommends using pyenv to manage Python environments for a deeper dive on configuring pyenv, see this article. This tool manages multiple versions of Python and is described as "simple, unobtrusive, and follows the Unix tradition of single-purpose tools that do one thing well.
While other installation options are available, the easiest way to get started is with Homebrew:. Now that Python 3 is installed through pyenv, we want to set it as our global default version for pyenv environments:. The power of pyenv comes from its control over our shell's path. In order for it to work correctly, we need to add the following to our configuration file.
After that command, our dotfile. Now we know for certain that we're using Python 3. Using Moshe's recommendation to use a version manager pyenv enables us to easily accept future upgrades without getting confused about which Python we are running at a given time. As you get comfortable with this workflow, you can use pyenv to manage multiple versions of Python.
It's also essential, for dependency management, to use virtual environments. I mention how to use the built in venv library in the article, and Moshe recommends virtualenvwrapper for managing virtual environments.
Now that you have your Python versions fixed, it's safe to explore why this problem confuses so many people. The version of Python that ships with macOS is well out of date from what Python recommends using for development. Many users have dozens of Python interpreters on their computer already, but have no idea how to manage them effectively. Too often, people just download the latest Python release, move it to their path , and call it a day or use brew install python3 , which would do something similar.
This can cause breakages down the line in frustrating ways that can be difficult to troubleshoot. My first idea on how to make Python 3 the default Python on my system was to move the old version and add the new one:.
Thankfully, macOS protected me from breaking something I don't fully understand. Further research proves this is exactly what we shouldn't do. Now that we know what not to do, let's look at what we could do. There are a couple options when we think about common installation patterns for applications on macOS. Run this in your interactive terminal import os os. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google.
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Reply I have this question too 96 I have this question too Me too 96 Me too. All replies Drop Down menu. Loading page content. User profile for user: Urquhart Urquhart TV Speciality level out of ten: 2. Apr 18, PM in response to macnerd48 In response to macnerd48 There are some fundamental differences between Python 2 and Python 3, such that both keep being developed side-by-side. Then you can read the Python license. The GPL license has some problems related to the fact that all software derived from GPL software must be released as GPL as well, and the source code of the software must be distributed to anyone that wants access to it.
Running python3 in the macOS terminal opens the Python 3.
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