The presence of substitutes or filler species in some cases reflects intentional, economically motivated and fraudulent practices by producers or vendors although the European Pharmacopoeia Ph. Counterfeiting by adding synthetic prescription drugs as chemical adulterants is another form of falsification, and Calahan et al.

Apart from the many cases of adulteration and general low quality of commercial herbal products, P. This latter case suggests either accidental contamination through poor manufacturing process or intentional adulteration for achieving an expected physiological or pharmacological effect Hoban et al. The presence of unlabeled species, plant extracts or synthetic chemical compounds might negatively interact with other medicinal plants, food supplements or prescription drugs and will pose significant risks for human health Jordan et al.

Adverse drug reactions ADRs due to herb—drug interactions HDI can appear in patients taking herbs and prescribed medications concomitantly Awortwe et al. Ginseng can interfere with various drugs, such as digoxin, insulin, anticoagulants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors Sellami et al.

Pharmacovigilance relies heavily on ADR reporting, and despite initiatives to stimulate reporting of suspected ADRs associated with herbal medicines, numbers of herbal ADR reports are relatively low. ADRs Under-reporting is likely to be specific for herbal medicines, since their users usually do not look for medical advice about their use of such products, or report if they experience any adverse effects Barnes, The specific active constituents in Panax herbs, the ginsenosides, have been shown to improve immune function, reduce mental stress, and stabilize blood pressure while ginseng products are used as an endurance performance enhancer Sellami et al.

Nevertheless, authentic ginseng products does not represent a doping concern for athletes, as there were no positive tests for any International Olympic Committee IOC banned or restricted substances in any of the subjects after the ingestion of commercially available, proprietary ginseng root extract product Goel et al.

Adverse drug reactions to ginseng are associated with high doses and long-term usage Kiefer and Pantuso, ; Sellami et al. Long term use may cause blood clotting Mohammed Abdul et al.

Ginseng reduces the blood levels of warfarin and alcohol as well as induced mania if taken concomitantly with phenelzine, a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent Chen et al. Moreover, women may experience additional side effects, such as vaginal bleeding and breast tenderness. Most of these side effects are serious enough to warrant stopping taking ginseng in breast cancer patients Sellami et al.

A rare adverse drug reaction to herbal and dietary supplementation, the drug-induced liver injury DILI , was reported as result from ingestion of ginseng for premenopausal symptoms Lin et al.

Recently, a website with a critically reviewed database presenting reported cases of ginseng-drug interactions was publicly launched Wu et al. The herbal medicines differ considerably from conventional medicines, and they pose a variety of challenges to their pharmacovigilance. For herbal pharmacovigilance, four main challenges: 1 Substitution and adulteration; 2 Nomenclature of herbals and ingredients of plant origin; 3 Lack of monitoring; and 4 Standardization, have been identified de Boer et al.

This review highlights that all four apply to ginseng commercial products, and support the challenge of detecting significant adverse drug reactions in a timely manner to protect consumers. Despite being the most valuable herbal product in terms of market value share, ginseng products are poorly regulated. Several authentication studies have shown that adulteration is not uncommon and not limited to any specific country of origin. The high market value of ginseng provides an incentive for fraudulent actors to generate profits at the expense of gullible consumers and honest producers, wholesalers and retailers.

Although authentication using traditional, pharmacopoeial, analytical methods such as TLC, HPLC and NMR can be used for advanced quality control, the standard authentication protocols are insufficient for efficiently detecting species adulteration, adulteration with synthetic pharmaceuticals and spiking of low quality products with marker compounds.

Cutting-edge approaches enable distinction of age-specific metabolite spectra, quantification of active ingredients and accurate identification of ginseng species, but these are not yet in widespread use.

MI performed the literature systematic search and analyzed the results. MI and HB wrote the manuscript together. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Ahmad, R. Extraction and UHPLC-DAD detection of undeclared substances in market-available dietary supplements and slimming products in Eastern region, Saudi Arabia: an application of principal component analysis.

Nutraceuticals 60, — Awortwe, C. Critical evaluation of causality assessment of herb-drug interactions in patients. Barnes, J. Drug Saf. Cai, Y. Calahan, J. Chemical adulterants in herbal medicinal products: a review. Planta Med. Chen, X. Clinical herbal interactions with conventional drugs: from molecules to maladies. Cheng, C. Herbal Drugs 46, — Choi, J. Choi, Y. Physiological and chemical characteristics of field-and mountain-cultivated ginseng roots.

Plant Biol. Cui, J. What do commercial ginseng preparations contain?. DNA barcoding and pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines. Del Serrone, P. Molecular identification of Panax ginseng C. Meyer in ginseng commercial products. Dong, F.

A chemometric modeling-free near infrared barcode strategy for smart authentication and geographical origin discrimination of Chinese ginseng. Acta A Mol.

Dong, W. A chloroplast genomic strategy for designing taxon specific DNA mini-barcodes: a case study on ginsengs. BMC Genet. Goel, D. Doping-control urinalysis of a ginseng extract, Cold-FX, in athletes. Sport Nutr. Govindaraghavan, S. Multiple ginsenosides ratios pattern—a pointer to identify Panax ginseng root extracts adulterated with other plant parts?. Han, J. An authenticity survey of herbal medicines from markets in China using DNA barcoding. Hoban, C.

Combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and next-generation DNA sequencing detection of adulterants and contaminants in analgesic and anti-inflammatory herbal medicines. Huang, B. RSC Adv. Ichim, M. Microscopic authentication of commercial herbal products in the globalized market: potential and limitations.

The DNA-based authentication of commercial herbal products reveals their globally widespread adulteration. Jiang, L. Helicase-dependent amplification is effective in distinguishing Asian ginseng from American ginseng.

Food Control. Jiang, W. Detecting schisandrae chinensis fructus and its Chinese patent medicines with a nucleotide signature. Jordan, S. Assessment of herbal medicinal products: challenges, and opportunities to increase the knowledge base for safety assessment.

Kiefer, D. Panax ginseng. PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Kim, N. Meyer, and Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. Each Panax species may have slightly different uses 9 , 11 but all contain ginsenosides or panaxosides —steroidal saponins that contain the 4 trans -ring rigid steroid skeleton—and differ mainly by the number, type, and location of their sugar moieties 11 , Ginsenosides are unique to Panax species, are associated with the pharmacologic activity of Panax species, and are used as marker compounds for quality control 9 , 11 — The relative amounts of ginsenosides may also be used to differentiate between Panax species.

Siberian ginseng, prepared from the dried roots of Eleutherococcus or Acanthopanax senticosus Rupr. Constituents of E. Concentrations and ratios of the respective marker compounds were then compared with information stated on the product label. Twenty-five commercial products labeled as ginseng were purchased from a local health food store.

Eight of the products were identified as containing P. Each product tested was unique; multiple samples of the same product or different lots were not tested. Calibration standards, quality-control samples, and fortified samples were prepared fresh daily from the stock solutions.

Samples with concentrations above this range were diluted and reanalyzed. Both positive and negative quality-control samples were extracted and analyzed with each batch of commercial samples. For powdered samples, all the capsules in the bottle were opened and the contents mixed thoroughly before taking an aliquot for analysis to minimize any potential capsule-to-capsule variability.

Ginsenosides were extracted from samples, standards, and controls by a modification of the method reported by Li et al Recovery was determined by comparing the amount recovered from the fortified sample ie, the amount in fortified samples less the amount in nonfortified samples with unextracted solutions prepared at the fortified concentrations.

After centrifugation, the supernatant fluid was added to bonded-phase extraction columns BondElut C, HF; Varian Sample Preparation that had been preconditioned with 2 mL methanol followed by 2 mL water. Eleutherosides were liquid extracted by using a modification of the procedure reported by Yat et al Ginsenosides were separated and quantitated by using a flow rate of 1.

Quantitation was based on ultraviolet absorption at nm. Concentrations of ginsenosides and eleutherosides in commercial samples were determined by peak area with use of external standard analysis with a 5-point calibration curve extracted with each batch of samples.

Positive and negative quality-control samples were added to each batch of samples. Ginsenoside samples were extracted and analyzed in duplicate on 2 separate occasions and eleutheroside samples were extracted and analyzed in duplicate on one occasion.

All of the commercial ginseng products contained the appropriate marker compounds and were correctly labeled as to genus of the plant material. Products labeled as containing Panax species contained ginsenosides, products labeled as containing E.

Although it would be difficult to identify the species of Panax used in each preparation, the 4 products labeled as American ginseng had ginsenoside profiles typical of P. Concentrations of ginsenosides in commercial ginseng products labeled as containing Panax species 1. Values are the mean of quadruplicate determinations. The mean CV for each determination was 9. ND, not detected. Concentrations of eleutherosides in commercial ginseng products labeled as containing Eleutherococcus senticosus 1.

Values are the mean of duplicate determinations. The mean CV for each determination was 6. There was, however, significant product-to-product variability in the amount of ginsenosides or eleutherosides present. Total ginsenoside concentrations varied fold 0. Total eleutheroside concentrations varied fold 0. The mean CV for quadruplicate analysis of samples containing ginsenosides was 9.

The mean CV for the duplicate analysis of samples containing eleutherosides was 6. Of the 25 samples tested, 11 were labeled as containing a specific concentration of ginsenosides or eleutherosides. Of these, 5 contained more than the labeled concentration of ginsenosides or eleutherosides and 6 contained less than the specified concentration.

The concentrations found ranged from As shown in Table 3 , several studies reported significant variability in the concentrations of ginsenosides and eleutherosides in commercial products. Because different analytic methods were used in the various studies, the values can be compared only generally.

The amounts of ginsenosides determined in the present study were within the same ranges shown in Table 3 , but were somewhat lower than those reported for products in the United States 8 and Europe 22 , 23 and for dried, intact ginseng roots sold for use in traditional Chinese medicines These differences in ginsenoside concentrations are not surprising considering the variability in species used, the lack of standardized analytic methods, and the practice in Europe of fortifying herbal products with plant extracts to increase the concentration of marker compounds.

The eleutheroside concentrations found in this study were also within the same range reported by others 17 , Reported concentrations of ginsenosides and eleutherosides in commercial products 1. Different analytic methods were used in the various studies; therefore, the values shown are only generally comparable.

NA, not available. Our analyses showed that the commercial ginseng products tested were appropriately labeled as to plant genus, but that variability among the products was considerable. In contrast with the results of some studies 7 , 8 , all of the products we tested contained at least some amount of the appropriate marker compounds, either ginsenosides or eleutherosides.

Furthermore, the marker compound profile for products labeled as American ginseng ie, no ginsenoside Rf and a low ratio of Rg 1 to Rb 1 indicated that the correct Panax species P. However, like other investigators, we found significant variability in concentrations of the marker compound, ie, measured concentrations were markedly different from the labeled concentrations. In general, Siberian ginseng products varied more than did Asian ginseng products and liquid extracts varied more than did powdered products.

This may not be surprising because it has been suggested that the increased demand for medicinal plants will lead to the harvesting of immature plants and thus a gradual lowering of ginsenoside concentrations, which may affect the overall quality of the commercial products There are relatively few published data on eleutheroside concentrations in either herbal products or intact E. Although the E. The variability in concentration of the marker compound observed by all investigators suggests a need for standardization.

European manufacturers have offered standardized herbal extracts for some time, at least to the extent that the extraction procedure is adjusted to ensure that a predetermined amount of a known constituent is present in each product.

Similarly, many US manufacturers of herbal products now include marker compound concentrations on labels even though this is not currently required. However, the presence of specific concentrations of marker compounds ie, chemically based standardization may not guarantee pharmacologic activity. First, for most herbal products, data are insufficient to assign activity to a particular marker compound; therefore, there is no evidence on which to establish a threshold concentration.

To suggest that ginseng's biological activity is determined by only a few of its components may be too simplistic. In Asia, the quality of ginseng is not determined by the ginsenoside content but rather by the origin and age of the plant and the physical characteristics of the root.

In all Panax species, ginsenoside concentrations are considerably higher in the flowers and leaves than in the root 9 , 11 , 16 , but these portions are infrequently used. Similarly, ginsenoside concentrations are typically higher in the species P. This suggests that commercial value is not necessarily related to ginsenoside concentration. When standardization is achieved by fortifying with concentrated extracts, the desired activity of the final product may be altered or chemical residues from the extraction process may be present.

In Germany, for example, P. Activity-based standardization, as is done now for pharmaceuticals of biological origin, may be more appropriate than is chemically based standardization for herbal products because many components may contribute to activity.

Ginseng: a miracle sources of herbal and pharmacological uses. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Gastroenterology. Pain on the Plane. This case discusses a pharmacokinetic interaction between warfarin and ginseng resulting in the decreased anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Warfarin is a cytochrome P 2C9 substrate and ginseng is … Expand. Analysis of ginsenosides by chromatography and mass spectrometry: release of 20 S-protopanaxadiol and 20 S-protopanaxatriol for quantitation.

Changes in bone density with lactation. Bone density in women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception. International Patterns of Osteoporosis.

Related Papers. Abstract Citations 4 References Related Papers.

This enables the user to define taste profiles capturing what they do and don't like, and that corresponds to a well-defined set of mathematical operations on the embedded representations of bands. Ready to put it to the test? Try out Sage here.

Philip Trapp Published: August 12, Filed Under: hate5six. Categories: Metal , News , Rock. The album was tracked right before the pandemic and the band achieved their goal of epic performances, slamming drums and glorious hooks. A straight up rock album that boasts their unique sound, Black Stone Cherry is one of my favorites. Buckcherry Buckcherry is a rock band from Anaheim, CA.

With eight studio albums to their name and a few changeup of band members, the current band is made up of Josh Todd lead vocals Stevie D.

Forming in the late 90s, Buckcherry kept their hard rock sound burning with a classic rock sound with a contemporary twist. Website Video. The L. Maybe The L.

Maybe is a six-piece rock and roll band from the Carolinas. Lead vocalist, Alvi Robinson, lays down gritty passionate vocals and the band backs him up with slithering riffs, catchy hooks and ripping guitar solos.

They build their foundation on elements of rock and roll with big, greasy riffs, catchy hooks and soaring vocals. Press Here For The L. Maybe Info and Video. Rival Sons I hesitated to include Rival Sons in this article because they are one of the hottest modern rock bands around and well known. Their latest and sixth album , Feral Roots was produced by Dave Cobb. Their self-titled debut album was released in on Frontiers Music s. They are a rock and roll tour de force filled with blistering guitar chops, true rock vocals, and hard hitting choruses.

World class rock music. Thundermother Female rock band from Stockholm, Sweden, Thundermother is known for high voltage modern rock. With a 70s rock groove, Thundermother is one badass band. The band is tight, offering contemporary rock and roll for our current times. This crew helped define the sound of the last 40 years of rock music with Jackson Browne, Linda Ronstadt, James Taylor, Warren Zevon, and other major stars.

Deaf Radio blows all these bands away. Israel Nash is good too. How about, thanks for putting this together. Could you include X band? You really need to check into our website. I thought the list was fantastic.

I am a huge blacktop mojo fan, and they have seen them twice now. Thank you, Martine Ehrenclou, for putting this list together! Blacktop Mojo is one of my favorite bands. They are truly talented and genuinely nice people. I will make sure to check out the other bands on your list. Keep up the great work! Check out The Georgia Thunderbolts! Southern rock from Rome GA. They are signed to Mascot Records!

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She even served as the inspiration for the chain's iconic logo. But though naming your fast food chain after your daughter might sound like a sweet gesture , Dave apparently regretted the decision—even apologizing to his daughter before his death.

Founded in , Wendy's is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year, and on Friday, the chain posted an interview with Wendy Thomas to its official blog to commemorate the occasion. The article offers a number of revelations—for instance, Dave didn't just give Wendy her first Wendy's franchise—she had to go through the system and get a loan just like everyone else—but the most interesting story might be how Wendy's got its name, and how Dave felt about that decision years down the road.

And yes, Dave learned the ropes of the fast food industry working for KFC. He got his camera and took pictures of me and my sister and said, 'Yep, it's going to be Wendy's Old-Fashioned Hamburgers. But Dave Thomas, who passed away in , eventually realized that naming what would become America's third largest hamburger chain after his daughter might have been a miscalculation.

He said, 'You know what? And, boy, did I cry. It hurt…[my mom] stuck those pipe cleaners in there. We sat in front of the photographer for what felt like five or six hours. I will always love this brand, but not because my name is on the buildings. I love our products. I love our hamburgers. I just love everything. Our family business. It often indicates a user profile. Log out. US Markets Loading H M S In the news.

Shoshy Ciment. He named the chain after his daughter, Melinda "Wendy" Thomas. In a company blog post on Friday, the original Wendy recounted how her father decided to open a restaurant with her as the main character associated with the brand.

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Disclosure: The company provided free access to this product for review purposes. For more information, please see our Ethics Policy. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products.

I've been using about 2 months. My hair did feel softer but was still frizzy. In the past week I've noticed little pimples all over my scalp that are itchy. Now I have scabs. Never using again. Thank God I haven't noticed hair loss. My hair has become thicker, wavier, and very dry and tangle prone In the last few years. This is the only stuff that gives my hair what it needs. Literally everything else that is a Standard shampoo destroys my hair I used to wash my hair once a week because it was such a time consuming thing.

Now I can make hair washing a part of a daily shower. This company went out of business several years ago due to complaints that their products caused or contributed to hair loss.

Although I did not experience this problem, I have very dry hair and wanted a non-shampoo hair cleanser. I still wound up with dry hair that felt unwashed! By the time I called them up to see if I could return the shipment, they told me I had just exceeded the deadline for returns. I then cancelled the subscription. This has since soured me on subscribing to any beauty box services. I prefer to pick and choose my own products as I need them, thank you very much.

I have waist long blond hair and it can tangle so easily that I was trying thicker conditioners by the month. I even tried using olive oil and mayonnaise to see if I could stop the tangling! But then a friend suggested WEN and it is great. I can survive 2 days without shampooing and definitely the tangles are not happening. My hair is shiny, soft and beautiful. The more we learn about WEN products and the reported problems, the better we can determine the cause and if the FDA can take action under the laws we enforce.

In some cases we can work with the Department of Justice to seize a product, in order to keep it off the market. However, even with what we know so far about this product, including the adverse events, we are unable to determine that the product does not comply with the law.

FDA has received and continues to receive reports of adverse events, as the investigation is still ongoing. In the course of its investigations, the FDA is looking at all sources of information, in order to better understand the consumer reports of adverse events.

There are many potential causes of hair loss, including, for example, certain illnesses, medications, hormonal changes, rapid weight loss or gain, anemia, and high-stress life events, and these factors are being taken into account as the FDA continues to investigate these reports. We use cookies and similar technologies to run this website and help us understand how you use it. We recommend these products based on an intensive research process that's designed to cut through the noise and find the top products in this space.

Guided by experts, we spend hours looking into the factors that matter, to bring you these selections. Wen Hair Care products treat hair without lather or harsh chemicals. The products are enriched with ingredients like almond oil and wild cherry bark.

The end result is soft, strengthened, moisturized and detangled hair. Wen also has styling creams, mousses, and other hair products. Or, you can save money and buy a whole set of products.

But what is "adequate" hydration for an ultra race? And what should you do during training to prepare a solid race-day hydration plan? We recently spoke to Bryon Powell of iRunFar. More: Ultra Running Gear Essentials. According to Powell, there was a longstanding school of thought when it came to hydrating for an ultra: You should "drink a ton, down some electrolytes, and you'll be fine.

But as "Waterlogged," author Tim Nokes argues, that conventional wisdom may be just that—conventional and highly arbitrary. It really depends. This isn't to say that 30 ounces per hour isn't what you need for ultra distances. But as Powell puts it: "The [hydration] doctrine has become much less settled. And it's going to require much more experimentation on the part of the runner to get it right.

More: Ready to Run an Ultra? So, if the rule of 30 ounces of fluid per hour isn't a de facto guideline, then how does a runner know how much fluid to drink during a race? Powell advises runners to use hydration training, and a little bit of math, to figure out roughly how much fluid they'll need on race day.

And calculate how much water weight you lose. You don't want to drink a whole lot more than that. Of course, if you're not taking part in a race, it might be necessary to take some salty foodstuffs with you on the trail.

Dr Monville also had a warning for trail runners tempted to use pain killers to counteract the ill-feeling they get from failing to replace their water and salts on the trail. It can be really, really dangerous. Check out the latest Salomon gear that will help you push further and harder on the trail, including many of the items featured in the video.

Salomon ADV Skin 5. When the essential items are pared down to a minimum, you can forget the idea of a bag. With the Advanced Skin 5, wrap your extra gear around you, front and back, and whip it out while you're moving. Salomon Adv Skin 12 Set. The Advanced Skin 12, breathes, stretches and wraps around you without cramping your style. You don't carry this bag, you wear it. Salomon Soft Flask Speed ml.

Removable neck protection ensures you stay protected even on the hottest days. Salomon XA Cap. Most well-conditioned runners can run up to two hours without a drink. This might not be true for you if you're new to trail running. For beginners, carrying a small bottle or two might be a good idea.

Another example of a place you could run without carrying too much water is the You Yangs, in Victoria. You would normally never run too far from the starting point of your run as the crow flies and likely be sharing trails with other walkers, runners, etc. One strategy I've done is laps on the trail. I've run back to the car my starting point and refilled each time to minimise the amount of fluids I need to carry at one time. Also consider: Salomon Hydro Handset. Trail running events commonly have aid stations along the course.

There was an aid station at the halfway point. There, I refilled my hydration bladder to carry another 1L for the second half of the race. I felt that this amount of water was as much as I — specifically — needed. A lighter, or heavier, or less- or more-conditioned runner might need to carry a different amount.

At organised events, the higher the participant numbers, the more support tends to be put in place. Obviously, if there are more aid stations, you can carry less water. Water tanks and creeks are sources of water on a remote bush run.

I carry water purification tablets for added safety. In this situation, I carry extras, like a survival blanket, mobile phone and extra water. Mountain races are an example of a situation where managing fluids and fuel intake is essential. Creeks and water tanks at huts may help, but they can't always be fully relied upon.

War and avarice describe today's government pretty well. The lust for war and control, as well as greed. The reason we fight and lie awake at night is because of the political unrest that goes on. Come attrition. We need a smaller hand governing us. The bride is quiet because of all the secrecy behind the closed doors of congress.

The bride is also of unquiet things such as wars and oppression. We will fight the archers and the infantry to defend our rights to live and be human beings. When we die, we will die free with our arms unbound because we are free once again. So bring it on big government. Push us too far and come hell, we will take our freedoms back from you. That's how I see it : mrshotglass on February 22, Link. General Comment A simple, yet powerful song that everyone seems to be insistently reading into about love and shadowy government politics though the former does make an appearance.

At ground level, it's about sacrifice in the face of adversity and the driving force behind those that make the ultimate sacrifice. Its about standing up in the face of oppression and certain death and fighting back. Better to die with your arms unbound, rather than living a slave.

At it's heart, it's a patriotic song. It's about maintaining the freedoms that all too many Americans have come to take for granted. Only until it's gone do we realize what we've lost. Awesome song. I agree with this interpretation TheDirge on April 03, So the song is really about hardships of a people, the revolution of a people. Our people. The "Come hell" is about that if we don't fight against such things, war will break out, the world will spiral into a deeper pit of hell than it's already in.

My Interpretation "When we die We will die with our arms unbound" Created an account just to note that, though people are suggesting that this line is about love, it's clearly about the willingness to sacrifice in order to attain freedom. And commitment to one's freedom even in the face of danger and the likelihood of sustaining personal harm. And yearning for freedom. To me, it seems a little overwrought in the context of the US, though I suspect this is what he had in mind as well.

Not that I'm unconcerned about the loss of some civil liberties in the US, but it doesn't resonate very much. But I can see this in the context of social movements--social movements happening now as well as historical social movements.

And people committed to living and dying as free and emancipated subjects. In another context, it was a very timely song given recent events in Egypt and Tunisia--and given other uprisings in the Middle East and Maghreb. It makes me think of the martyrs who died in those countries fighting to live and die with their "arms unbound.

General Comment My take on this song was that it was about the endless fight against oppression and tyranny. In the video the older kids were oppressing the younger kids, rationing food, dehumanizing them; and the breaking point was when they punished that girl, the kid with the glasses sweetheart. In my mind the lyrics were saying come the war, come the avarice, come the reek of bones, come hell, in the fight for freedom against a tyrannical and oppressive power, hence the "when we die we will die with our arms unbound" meaning that they will die free peoples and not slaves.

Also, did anyone notice the parallel to the American Revolution? The main grown up kid was wearing what looked to me a British military red coat uniform as worn during the time period, while the kid with the glasses who snapped and rose up with the flag was wearing a sort of blue American continental army uniform worn during the time.

General Comment I have an interpretation that is very similar to the one by pt, and it hit me like a bolt out of the blue when they were playing the song at the gym the other day. It's a good show and I have to admit that if I flip past the reruns on cable I am stuck on the couch all afternoon. Anyway, there was one episode actually titled "Why We Fight".

By this time in the series, the Germans were pretty much whipped and the war was starting to wind down. As the pace of the action slowed the soldiers had time to start thinking about what is the point of war and was it all worth it.

They were tired and burned out. Then one of the soldiers, out on patrol, stumbles across a concentration camp set up outside of the village. When they go to investigate they are met face to face with the horror, "the reek of bones". As they try to process what they are seeing, the incomprehensible evil that they have exposed, they realize why they are there and why their sacrifice was not in vain. There is one scene where the commanding officer walks into the camp and this ragged skeleton of a man walks up to him and hugs him.

Show song. Songs lyrics and translations to be found here are protected by copyright of their owners and are meant for educative purposes only. Report illegal content. Copyright About the project , Terms of use , Contact.

Playlist Share. Come the war, come the avarice Come the war, come hell Come attrition, come the reek of bones Come attrition, come hell. And this is why, why we fight, why we lie awake This is why, this is why we fight When we die we will die with our arms unbound This is why, this is why we fight, come hell. Bride of quiet, bride of all unquiet things Bride of quiet, bride of hell Come the archers, come the infantry Come the archers of hell.

This is why, why we fight, why we lie awake This is why, this is why we fight And when we die we will die with our arms unbound This is why, this is why we fight, come hell, come hell. This is why, why we fight, why we lie awake This is why, this is why we fight When we die we will die with our arms unbound This is why, this is why we fight.

So come to me, come to me now, lay your arms around me This is why, this is why we fight, come hell, come hell.

The strength of the gel allows easy handling. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of SDS-treated proteins allows researchers to separate proteins based on their length in an easy, inexpensive, and relatively accurate manner. Custom MHC tetramer services. Principle and method of the experiment Webinar FAQ.

The principle. A comb is used to make wells lanes to load samples. Use an appropriate comb depending on the sample size. Example: Use an 8-lane comb for 7 samples and molecular weight markers. Thoroughly clean the glass plates with ethanol, and assemble the gel casting mold. Pour acrylamide solution for a separating gel. Overlay with water to prevent contact with air oxygen , which inhibits polymerization. Allow acrylamide to polymerize for minutes to form a gel.

Remove the overlaid water. BME breaks up disulfide bonds in the proteins to help them enter the gel. Glycerol adds density to the sample, helping it drop to the bottom of the loading wells and to keep it from diffusing out of the well while the rest of the gel is loaded. Bromophenol Blue is a dye that helps visualization of the samples in the wells and their movement through the gel. Sample loading buffer is also known as Laemmli Buffer, named after the Swiss professor who invented it around What is in the gels?

Although the pH values are different, both the stacking and resolving layers of the gel contain these components. Tris and SDS are there for the reasons described above. The Cl- ions from the Tris-HCl work with the glycine ions in the stacking gel. Again, more to come on that. What is in the gel that causes different sized protein molecules to move at different speeds?

Pore size. When polyacrylamide is combined in solution with TEMED and ammonium persulfate, it solidifies, effectively producing a web in the gel. It is through this web that the linearized proteins must move. When there is a higher percentage of acrylamide in the gel, there are smaller pores in the web. This makes it harder for the proteins to move through the gel. When there is a lower percentage, these pores are larger, and proteins can move through more easily.

Why are there different percentages of acrylamide in gels? To optimize the resolution of different sized proteins. Different percentages of acrylamide change the size of the holes in the web of the gel. Larger proteins will be separated more easily in a gel that has a lower percentage of acrylamide — because the holes in the web are larger.

The reverse is true for smaller proteins. They will resolve better in a gel with a higher acrylamide percentage because they will move more slowly through the holes. Small proteins will fly through a low percentage gel and may run off the end of the gel. WHAT are there two layers in the gel? The stacking layer and the resolving layer. The top stacking layer has a lower percentage of acrylamide and a lower pH 6.

There is discontinuity not only between the gels different pH values and acrylamide amounts , but also between the running buffer and the gel buffers. The running buffer has different ions and a different pH than the gels.

WHY are there two layers in the gel? They have different functions. The stacking layer is where you load your protein samples. The purpose of the stacking layer is to get all of the protein samples lined up so they can enter the resolving layer at exactly the same time.

When you load a gel, the wells are around a centimeter deep. If your samples entered the resolving layer this spread out, all you would see is a big smear. The resolving layer then separates the proteins based on molecular weight.

How does the stacking layer do its job? Low acrylamide content and low pH. The low percentage of acrylamide in the stacking layer allows for freer movement of the proteins and helps them line up to enter the resolving layer together. The lower pH allows glycine to be in its zwitterionic state.

Wait — did you just sneeze? I said glycine is a zwitterion at pH 6. A lot. It is the key to the discontinuous buffer system. It is the ionic state of glycine that really allows the stacking buffer to do its thing. The charge of its ion is dependent on the pH of the solution that it is in. In acidic environments, a greater percentage of glycine molecules become positively charged.

At a neutral pH of around 7, the ion is uncharged a zwitterion , having both a positive charge and a negative charge. At higher pHs, glycine becomes more negatively charged.

Glycine is in the running buffer, which is typically at a pH of 8. They find themselves in a much more relaxed, uniform electric field where they can chill out a bit. Move at their own pace.

After pouring the running gel, carefully overlay it with ethanol or another imiscible liquid. This will give you a nice flat surface. Also, since polymerization of acrylimide is inhibited by oxygen it will speed up polymerization.

For the mini-gels we run the minimum protein loading per well single band is 0. If you exceed amount this your gel will look like crap. KCl causes SDS to precipitate. If you samples contain KCl you should dilute them or methanol precipitate them and resuspend them in 1X sample buffer. This will help the gel run a little less anomalously. If your sample buffer turns yellow, it is at the wrong pH.

Add NaOH or. Safety Notes: - Acrylimide is extremely toxic, causing central nervous system paralysis. It can be absorbed through unbroken skin. If skin comes in contact with acrylimide solution or powder, wash immediately with soap and a lot of water. Unpolymerized acrylimide should be polymerized with excess catalyst and disposed of with solid waste. It goes bad after a week or two in the refrigerator. It can be disposed of by dilution with water and pouring down the sink. A bottle should be good for about a year, maybe longer.

The abbaabba part is called the octave octave for eight and the cdcdcd section is called the sestet sestet for six. This is a distinctive sonnet pattern, called the Petrarchan sonnet, named after the Italian poet Francesco Petrarch, who first used the form in the fourteenth century. It is a common pattern in English poetry. The other common pattern is the Shakespearean sonnet, examples of which we will read later in the chapter.

Barrett Browning uses hyperbole throughout the poem to underscore the intensity of her love. She uses clever similes to the same effect, asserting that she loves as intensely as the free man determined to champion all that is right line 7 ; as purely as the pious man at prayer line 8. When she showed them to Robert, he recognized their brilliance and encouraged her to publish them in her next volume of poems, which came out in They did realize such an intensely emotional and personal expression of love might make the Victorian English uneasy, and so the poems were published under the title Sonnets from the Portuguese , to make it seem as if they were translations.

Skip to content Poetry. Browse through the other sonnets, easily accessible online. Select one. Paraphrase it and assess and comment on its theme and use of figurative language.

The Cry of the Children. Let me count the ways Sonnets from the Portuguese LitCharts Teacher Editions. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of every Shakespeare play.

Sign Up. Already have an account? Sign in. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel. Ben Davis May 27, How do I love thee let me count the ways theme? How many distinct ways does the speaker say that she loves her beloved?

To-morrow maybe not even a half a bushel. And is this your heart arithmetic? This is the way the wind measures the weather. Carl Sandburg William Shakespeare My Love Sent Me a List O my Love sent me a lusty list, Did not compare me to a summer's day Wrote not the beauty of mine eyes But catalogued in a pretty detailed And comprehensive way the way s In which he was better than me. About this poem: "No, really, a found poem; however, I also find, that if one reads thirty or so Shakespearean sonnets in a row out loud , something is bound to happen.

Olena Kalytiak Davis Academy of American Poets Educator Newsletter. Teach This Poem. Follow Us. Find Poets. Poetry Near You. Jobs for Poets. Read Stanza. Privacy Policy.

John F. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. Explorer Christopher Columbus sets foot on the American mainland for the first time, at the Paria Peninsula in present-day Venezuela.

Thinking it an island, he christened it Isla Santa and claimed it for Spain. Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy, in Little is known of his During World War II, an advance Soviet armored column under General Konstantin Rokossovski reaches the Vistula River along the eastern suburb of Warsaw, prompting Poles in the city to launch a major uprising against the Nazi occupation.

The revolt was spearheaded by Polish Four days after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Germany and Russia declare war against each other, France orders a general mobilization, and the first German army units cross into Luxembourg in preparation for the German invasion of France. During the next three days, On August 1, , sprinter Michael Johnson breaks the world record in the meters to win gold at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Three days earlier, Johnson had also won the meters, making him the first man in history to win both events at the Olympics.

Four years earlier Charles Whitman takes a stockpile of guns and ammunition to the observatory platform atop a foot tower at the University of Texas and proceeds to shoot 46 people, killing 14 people and wounding Whitman, who had killed both his wife and mother the night before, was It says:. The CDC advises that older adults and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions might be at higher risk for severe illness from Coronavirus.

Guests should evaluate their own risk in determining whether to attend. People who show no symptoms can spread Coronavirus if they are infected, any interaction with the general public poses an elevated risk of being exposed to Coronavirus. By coming to the park, you acknowledge and agree that you assume these inherent risks associated with attendance.

Are you as excited as we are for the Six Flags Magic Mountain reopening? Yes, Six Flags Magic Mountain is open year-round though it's likely the park hours for January are not confirmed so they aren't published on the website just yet! Six Flags Magic Mountain will be open in November Note that starting Oct. Early park access is not a listed benefit for pass members. Hello, after searching the portal and my emails for a few days I would really appreciate it if we knew when the "Bring a friend for free" days are.

I have a personal assistant but 4hour lines. Yes, in order to use the parking benefit, you must make a reservation in the online Member Services portal by midnight the night before you want to visit. Please note that parking is subject to availability and reservations are first-come, first-serve Diamond Elite Members receive priority.

Hello, will the park be open to non residents by July 3rd? I am planning a trip to Cali during the first week of July. At this time, we know the state of California has plans to reopen June 15, but Six Flags has not updated its health and safety policies in regards to those reopening plans. We'll update once we have more information. I am only 16 and will be at the park in late July.

I do not have any of the ID requirments to be at the park. My friend who is 17 has a Drivers Lisence. Does each person have to prove residency no matter their age? By the time you go in late July, things could be different, as the State of California is expected to reopen and lift restrictions.

We should know a little bit more about how this may affect theme parks by then, so stay tuned! Any guess when the CA residency requirement might end? I'm thinking of traveling with my son on June Six Flags has not yet announced a date for when the park will start to allow non-residents. We'll keep you updated! I have the membership for Six flags magic mountain and I want to know when can we bring a friend for free this month.

I tried to look at the calendar on the member portal however it doesn't show anything regarding bring a friend free days? I want to know if August 4 is a bring free friend day, to know if I buy a one day pass or the membership.

Im only going on that date, I will be moving out of Cali soon! If you now live here in California but only have your out of state license how do you show proof of residency? Will my Covid vaccine be enough for entrance?

And, is there such a thing as riding a ride multiple times without getting off and having to wait in line again? Currently, Six Flags is only accepting California residents, so you'll want to be sure to bring proof of residency, such as a utility bill in your name or a mortgage or lease agreement. I purchase one day tickets fir my family but do to my daughters health condition in the moment I need to change the date of my ticket and reservation.

Can I change my ticket to a later date do to something medical? You can modify your reservation here. Im a diamond elite member and just purchased 2 multi-park season passes and 2 platinum flash passes for 2 friends and can not make a reservation for this saturday.

So frustrating. Hello, I noticed when selecting a date that it prompts me to select a time. Does that mean guest will only be allowed at the park for a specific amount of time? The arrival timeframe is just to stagger when guests are arriving to avoid crowding - you may stay as long as you want once you're in the park! You can still get in if you arrive late. If you leave the park, you may get a hand stamp for reentry. We do not anticipate large crowds entering the park later in the day.

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Show your digital vaccine card when you arrive at the park. Face Coverings Be sure to bring a face covering. Masks must: Be made with at least two layers of breathable materials. Fully cover the mouth and nose. Secure under the chin. Fit snugly but comfortably against the sides of the face. Physical Distancing Measures During the Six Flags Magic Mountain Reopening Expect to manage your own physical distancing to stay a safe distance from other parties, if you choose, as physical distancing is no longer enforced.

This includes at restaurants, stores, games, ticket windows and parking toll booths. Cash can be placed on a prepaid debit card within the park. Custom plans have been developed for each ride and attraction "to minimize contact between parties and promote social distancing," the website said, including leaving empty seats between guests.

Guests viewing entertainment, such as outdoor street shows and fireworks displays, will be separated from the performances and from each other by at least six feet, according to the website. For a full list of the park's safety measures, visit sixflags. Hurricane Harbor Chicago is planning to open May 29 as a separate attraction and will have its own entry gate, according to a news release.

The waterpark will also utilize an online reservation system. Tsunami Surge, a more than foot-high water coaster, will be making its debut, with jet-propulsion technology, "fast" uphill curves and "adrenaline-pumping" drops, the news release said.

But everyone still needs to make reservations prior to visits. Contact Hannah Kirby at hannah.

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Benefit Cosmetic Middle East knows laughter is the best cosmetic — and by not taking themselves too seriously, it becomes easy for them to connect with their audience. Today we are publishing our Community Standards Enforcement Report for the third quarter of Starting January 19, we will remove Detailed Targeting options that relate to topics people may perceive as sensitive.

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Business News. Case Studies. Creative Hub. Education and Resources. Online Learning Courses. Social media, and Facebook in particular, have become ubiquitous in American life. This analysis uses data from several Pew Research Center surveys to provide insights into who uses Facebook and their experiences with the platform. Around seven-in-ten U. There has been no statistically significant change in the share of adults who use the platform since Facebook owns Instagram and WhatsApp.

Among U. Facebook is broadly popular among all demographic groups, though some adults are more likely to use it than others. Around three-quarters of U.

Americans ages 65 and older are the least likely age group to use Facebook, with half saying they do so. There are partisan differences in the use of many social media platforms, but not Facebook.

In the survey, Facebook was the only platform used by a clear majority of teens. Teens in lower-income households are more likely than those in higher-income households to use Facebook, according to the spring survey. For other social media platforms, use among teens did not vary much by demographic factors. Use messaging services like WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger for private communications with sources.

Journalists can also use Facebook with the Tor browser to help conceal their IP address so Facebook, advertisers, local phone networks, and ISPs won't see where you're logging in from. This further protects the security of their location and connection to Facebook.

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Turn off more accessible mode. Skip Ribbon Commands. Skip to main content. Turn off Animations. Turn on Animations. Our Sponsors Log in Register. Log in Register. Ages and Stages. Healthy Living. Safety and Prevention. Family Life. Health Issues. Tips and Tools. Our Mission. Find a Pediatrician. I'd love to be able to read and sing to them.

Text Size. Question When can my unborn baby hear me? Answer Article Main Image. Comforting sounds The ability to hear inside the womb helps your baby start recognizing certain sounds they hear over and over. Reading benefits Reading to your baby has benefits that will carry over into the rest of their life.

Reading-related milestones You already know your baby will reach motor milestones like rolling over, sitting by themselves, and walking. Here are some of the reading-related behaviors you can look for: Around 3 months , they'll start to react to the expressions on your face and the sound of your voice, especially when you read.

Remember Reading and singing to your baby, even before they're born, will help build bonds, promote development, and serve as a source of joy for years to come.

The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. Couples who are busy with their daily life can spend time with each other. With a relaxing environment, some couples even open-up and talk about unresolved issues.

This might seem a little strange, if not comical. How to talk to your baby in the womb? You could do something as simple as getting into the habit of wishing them in the morning. If you hear a loud sound that is unpleasant, verbally reassure your baby that it is nothing and that they are fine. When you are happy about something, make sure that you let your baby know about it too so they can share your joy. Did you know that painting can be two-way communication between you and your baby?

During your first trimester, get paint supplies, close your eyes and create whatever you want, keeping the baby in mind. Expressing the inner artist in you is a way to connect with your baby. Now, moving to the third trimester, you can let them paint. Sounds crazy? In fact, their unborn babies were so effective that they managed to spread awareness about the risks babies face during birth.

It might seem odd to think that dancing and pregnancy can be pulled off together, but it can! Express yourself through dance and music, but be sure to do it within your limits. It helps reduce anxiety and the happiness you feel while dancing will be picked up by your child. Since we know that an unborn child has an acute sense of hearing, why not take advantage of it through music?

It says that exposing individuals for 10 minutes to classical music can improve their spatial reasoning skills. Who thought your child would have their first lessons so early! Studies show that by the time a foetus is around four months old, they have a well-developed sense of taste. This means that you can go for dinner dates with just you and your unborn baby. Get to connect over your favourite foods and try out some exotic, but safe foods to have during pregnancy.

The sense of smell and taste are intimately connected as any foul odour warns us against rotten food. This role of smell is compounded in a foetus that smells the food in the amniotic fluid. A study showed that aromas play a powerful role and even helps in shaping their food habits.

You could share some of your favourite sweet-smelling dishes and let them know what you like. However, you may not always be there with them, and they would need to learn to trust the people around them.

Get your partner involved so that they both get acquainted. If you have a toddler, let them have regular meetings so that they understand who the other is. Let them nuzzle away at your belly so that they can both interact with each other.

When your due date is close by, assemble all your closest friends and relatives and invite them over for a baby shower. During this time, you could introduce your baby to those who make it. Ask your guests to talk as well so that the baby can hear them and be acquainted with their voice. Your child will be able to pick up the tone, and also understand the dynamics you share with other people. Remarkable studies show that unborn babies can learn to remember rhymes and be soothed by them.

Find out how to talk to your bump. A pregnancy massage can make you feel better, but is it good for your baby too? Our midwives, nutritionists and feeding advisors are always on hand to talk about feeding your baby. So if you have a question, just get in touch.

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If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising. Reasons to talk to your baby before birth. Brighter futures start here.

Pregnancy talk Your voice does great things for your baby. How to bond with your baby The sound of your voice has the most calming effect on your unborn child.

Bonding with dad Dad has to make a bit more effort to be heard, but if he talks to the bump it may help your baby to recognise his voice too.

Be sure to follow the instructions included in the package. If the burn is on a leg or an arm, keep the limb raised as much as possible for the first 24 to 48 hours to decrease swelling. Move a burned leg or arm normally to keep the burned skin from healing too tightly, which can limit movement. Blahd Jr. Gabica MD - Family Medicine.

Author: Healthwise Staff. Medical Review: William H. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Learn how we develop our content. To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.

British Columbia Specific Information Burns can damage your skin and other body tissues. Top of the page. Topic Overview For many second-degree burns , home treatment is all that is needed for healing and to prevent other problems.

Rinse the burn Rinse burned skin with cool water until the pain stops. Rinsing will usually stop the pain in 15 to 30 minutes.

Pat the area dry with a clean towel, washcloth, or gauze squares. Look closely at the burned areas to check the healing. Cover all open burn areas with non-adherent burn dressing. Touch only the edges of it when putting it on the skin. Then, cover the area with dry sterile gauze Picture 3.

Do not put dry gauze directly on burned areas that have not healed. Hold the dressing in place by wrapping a sterile gauze roll over the dressings Picture 4. Start wrapping the limb from the place farthest away from the body. Secure the wrap with tape. Do not wrap or tape the wrap too tightly because this can reduce blood flow to the limb.

Ointment Dressings Sometimes, pre-packaged non-adherent dressings will need ointment put on them. Do not spread the ointment directly on the burn. Do not put your fingers into the ointment jar or apply the ointment to the gauze pads with your fingers.

Continue with steps 9 and 10 above. After the Dressing Change Wash your hands one more time. Put all unused supplies away in a clean, dry place. Store medicines in a safe place where your child cannot reach. If used, clean the basin, pan, bathtub, or shower. Throw away the bag with dirty gauze and used supplies where no one can get to them. Nutrition It is important for your child to eat healthy foods and to drink plenty of fluids Picture 5. Your child should: Eat foods high in protein such as meat, eggs, yogurt, cheese, beans, and peanut butter.

Limit snack foods and candy. Limit soda, high sugar drinks, and fruit juices. Drink milk or milk substitutes and water instead. Your child should: Not scratch dry itchy skin. Apply non-perfumed skin lotion over the healed burn at least 3 to 5 times a day to relieve dry skin or itching. You may use lotions that contain cocoa butter, aloe or lanolin. You do not need to buy the most expensive brand.

Keep your child's fingernails trimmed short. Clean socks placed over the hands like gloves may reduce nighttime scratching. Wear clothes that will not rub against or irritate the skin. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled.

Please turn on JavaScript and try again. Important Phone Numbers. When should you call for help? Where can you learn more? Top of the page.

Your Care Instructions Burns—even minor ones—can be very painful. How can you care for yourself at home? If your doctor told you how to care for your burn, follow your doctor's instructions.

If you did not get instructions, follow this general advice: Wash the burn with clean water 2 times a day. Don't use hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, which can slow healing. Gently pat the burn dry after you wash it. You may cover the burn with a non-stick bandage. There are many bandage products available. Be sure to read the product label for correct use.

Replace the bandage as needed. Protect your burn while it is healing. Cover your burn if you are going out in the cold or the sun. Wear long sleeves if the burn is on your hands or arms.